venerdì 10 febbraio 2012

Stoppt ACTA - für freies Internet und Wissen!

Am 11. Februar ist transnationaler Aktionstag gegen das ACTA-Handelsabkommen, anlässlich dessen auch in Meran und Innsbruck Protestaktionen stattfinden. Ein ACTA-FAQ.

Was bedeutet ACTA?
Das Kürzel ACTA bedeutet "Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement", also soviel wie Anti-Fälschungs-Abkommen des Handels. Die deutsche Bezeichnung ist Handelsabkommen zur Bekämpfung von Produkt- und Markenpiraterie.

Was beinhaltet ACTA?
ACTA ist ein Handelsabkommen, und hat daher einen wirtschaftlichen Hintergrund. Es geht dabei um Eigentumsrechte auf Wissen: Unter dem Schlagwort des "Schutzes von geistigem Eigentum" sollen Urheber- und Patentrechte weltweit gestärkt werden. Das Abkommen zielt auf stärkere und weltweit gültige Maßnahmen gegen Produktkopien, die vor allem durch Kontroll- und Überwachungsgesetze durchgesetzt werden sollen. Ein zentraler Bereich ist das Internet und die kostenlose Verbreitung von Filmen, Musik und Software. 

Wo gilt ACTA?
Das Handelsabkommen ist multilateral, betrifft also eine Vielzahl von Staaten weltweit. Es gilt nicht nur in der ganzen EU, sondern in allen großen Industrienationen der Welt (wie Japan, USA, Australien, Singapur; zur vollständigen Liste siehe Wikipedia). Es ist kein Zufall, dass dort die großen Konzerne der Welt angesiedelt sind, die sich damit gegen Konkurrenz und kostenlose Aneignung (etwa bei Downloads) schützen wollen.

In welchem Kontext steht ACTA?
- der Freiraum des Internets wird zunehmend stark kontrolliert und überwacht; in den USA wurden mit SOPA und PIPA kürzlich zwei Gesetze mit dem gleichen Ziel auf den Weg gebracht; 
- Wissen und "geistige Werte" werden für die kapitalistische Wirtschaft von immer größerer Bedeutung, was sich nicht nur im sprunghaften Anstieg der Patentanmeldungen widerspiegelt; Microsoft ist das beste Beispiele dafür, wie mit Wissen gigantische Profite gemacht werden: "Heutzutage produzieren Gehirne - Erfindungen, Forschung, Kino - mehr Wert, als die gesamten Fabriken." (A. Negri) Da sich diese Produkte aber leicht kopieren oder kostenlos verbreiten lassen - etwa über das Internet - ist der Schutz von Urheberrechten eine zentrale Herausforderung der Konzerne. ACTA ist also auch im Kontext einer Wirtschaft zu sehen, die immer stärker auf der Privatisierung von kollektivem Wissen und der Produktion "geistiger Werte" beruht.

Was wird an ACTA kritisiert?
Die Kritik an ACTA ist unterschiedlich, je nach politischem Hintergrund, bzw. eine mehrfache; hier eine Liste der Kritikpunkte:
  • undemokratisches und intransparentes Zustandekommen: das Abkommen ist hinter verschlossenen Türen ausgehandelt worden und ohne Mitwirkung der Parlamente und der Organisation für Geistiges Eigentum (WIPO)
  • Internetüberwachung und -zensur: das Abkommen erlaubt es Regierungen, das Internet zu überwachen, den Zugriff für einzelne Personen vollständig zu untersagen und Seiten und Dienste zu sperren, selbst nur auf den Verdacht hin
  • Einschränkung des Handels mit lebenswichtigen Medikamenten und Saatgut: das Abkommen erlaubt den Staaten, "verdächtige Ware" zu konfiszieren und zu zerstören; auch generische Medikamente und Saatgut sind davon betroffen, weshalb für den globalen Süden noch mehr Armut und Hunger befürchtet werden
  • Privatisierung von kollektivem Wissen und Gemeingütern: die kapitalistische Praxis, alles in eine Ware zu verwandeln und den Zugang dazu für Profitzwecke einzuschränken, wird zunehmend auf den Bereich des Wissens und der Kultur ausgedehnt; die private Aneignung (Privatisierung) derselben sind eine Form von Diebstahl an der Gesellschaft

Die Antifa Meran schließt sich dieser Kritik uneingeschränkt an und fordert zu zahlreicher Teilnahme an den morgigen Protesten in Innsbruck und Meran auf!

Zugleich sei jedoch eine Kritik an der Verwendung des "Kraken-Plakats" nicht nur aufgrund seiner Ähnlichkeit mit antisemitischen NS-Plakaten, sondern seinen subtilen Botschaften angebracht (siehe Link unten).

Links:

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